Comparison of development trends of Tehran and Isfahan cities and its effects on vegetation, climate and air pollution using GEE, Giovanni

Population growth and industrialization of cities have led to the rapid growth of urbanization and development of cities. Today, the evaluation of urban physical development using modern remote sensing techniques can provide basic information to planners. The purpose of this study is to investigate the trend of urban development and its effects on changes in vegetation, temperature, rainfall, and air pollution in the two metropolises of Tehran and Isfahan.

  In this study, two systems Google Earth Engine (GEE) and Giovanni have been used to analyze indicators such as temperature, vegetation, humidity, and precipitation. NDVI maps and diagrams of two cities in 5- and 10-year periods were produced from MODIS satellite (2000 to 2021) and Landsat 8 (2013 to 2021).

Urban development and population growth in Tehran have led to an increase in heat islands (LST) and temperature in the region, which has a direct effect on the reduction of snow and rain and, as a result, the reduction of runoff, vegetation, and soil moisture. Due to the development of industrial towns and residential constructions around Isfahan, destructive environmental effects related to vegetation, weather, and pollution in Mashhad, and the increase in urbanization and industry have led to a decrease in the level of vegetation and NDVI in this area. This conclusion was obtained that the obtained results confirm that the development of the cities of Tehran and Isfahan has destructive environmental effects on the weather and vegetation in all directions.