Semantics and use of morphological-syntactic and rhetorical-literary terms In classical Kurdish literature, relying on Nali's poetry

The present study aims at an analysis of the application of linguistic-literary terms, or more precisely, morphological, syntactic, literary, and rhetorical terms in classical literature by using descriptive-analytical method. For this purpose, the statistical population of research on the poetry of Nali, a famous poet of classical Kurdish literature, was narrowed down to his dīwān. Benefiting from his mastery of literary and Arabic sciences, Mullah Khedr Ahmad Shahvies Mikaeli (1800-1877) has artistically used these terms in his poetry in many cases. The result of the research shows that the above-mentioned poet has intentionally benefited from this technique. In other words, in the present study, based on the analysis of monostich, stanzas, and poetry written by Nali, it is argued that the application of such terms is mainly aimed at an underlying semantic structure that is not usually interpreted explicitly in the official literature. His poetry, therefore, has found two - and sometimes three - levels of meaning based on this technique. In addition, the application of these terms in the context of technical and rhetorical images has led to creation of several forms of expression including simile, synecdoche, metaphor, irony, equivocation, and paradox.