Patterning the fundamentals of convergent and divergent Hydropolitics between Iran,, Afghanistan and Turkmenistan in the eastern border watersheds

Rising demand and declining supply have been two simultaneous trends that have exacerbated the crisis and competition for shared water resources in the region over the past few decades. On the one hand, population growth, uncontrolled consumption and increasing economic consumption have caused a sharp jump in demand for water resources, and on the other hand, climate change has led to a decrease in supply. Joint watersheds around Iran, especially in the eastern border watersheds including Hamoon (Helmand) and Sarakhs (Harirod) between Iran, Afghanistan and Turkmenistan have intensified. In this context, the main question of the present study is how to explain and model the convergent and divergent hydropolitical foundations of Iran in the common watersheds of the eastern borders? Common on the basis of hydro-liberalism and based on hydro-diplomacy, functionalist diplomacy and legal cooperation, while Iran's divergent hydropolitical foundations with these countries based on the theory of hydrorealism and based on disputes over water, the view of Afghan political leaders Climate change and disputes over the legal regime can be modeled.