The evolution of press humor in the last one hundred years of Iran from a literary point of view (Case study: Nasim Shomal, Towfiq and Gol Agha)

Humor is a subtype of literature and a product of protest, and one of the most important arenas for the emergence and effect of humor in the contemporary period has been the press. According to satirists, the most important function of press humor is its critical and journalistic nature, and due to this nature, press humor is directly tied to the ruling institutions. In this research, three prominent publications Nasim Shomal, Towfiq, and Gol Agha from the three periods of constitutionalism, Pahlavi, and Islamic Revolution were selected as examples and analyzed from a literary point of view.

The method of data collection in this research is library and based on note-taking, and data analysis is done descriptively. On this basis, at the beginning, the important books in the field of satire in Iran were studied and noted, and then the relevant press was studied and the data was analyzed based on the extraction of literary arrays and rhetorical techniques.

Political and economic criticisms are the main basis of humor in this press. Daily news in various fields, precision in the process of social life, communication between people in the society are among the most important sources of finding topics for the satirists of these three publications.

Irony and sarcasm, irony and allegory, simile, metaphor and contrast are the most used rhetorical techniques in these texts. The language in these publications is simple, and Nasim Shomal has a more formal and literate language due to its earlier time and the poetic aspect of Seyyed Ashrafuddin.