Investigating and Comparing the Effectiveness of Virtual and Face-to-Face In-Service Training on Teachers Based on the Kirkpatrick Model

The current research was conducted with the aim of investigating and comparing the effectiveness of virtual and face-to-face in-service training based on the Kirkpatrick model. in terms of purpose, this study an applied research and in terms of the method, it is descriptive. The statistical population included all secondary school teachers of Birjand city (N = 601) from among whom, based the table of Krejcie and Morgan and using the random sampling method, a sample of 225 people was selected and studied. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The construct validity was confirmed by factor analysis and the face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed based on experts’ opinion. The reliability of the questionnaire was also estimated by referring to the Cronbach's alpha coefficient which was 0.983 for the virtual education questionnaire and 0.979 for the face-to-face education. SPSS software and descriptive and inferential statistical methods of paired T-tests - Wilcoxon - independent T-test, and one-way ANOVA were used for data analysis. The findings of the research show that there is a significant difference between the methods of training in the levels of reaction, learning, behavior and organizational results. It was found out that there was a significant difference between the face-to-face training and the virtual training in these four levels and be effective in improving job performance, learning, behavior and organizational results.