Existentialist Approach to the Concept of Loneliness in Black Romantic Poetry in Iran: 1930s and 1940s

In this article, by examining the poetry flow of black romanticism in the thirties and forties in Iran, the representation of loneliness in the poems of the poets of this flow is analyzed. The main issue is the connection between the intellectual and ideological components of the black romanticism of these two decades with the emergence of the concept of loneliness in their poetic meanings. The main reason for the emergence of the black romanticism trend is the frustration Coup D’etat of 1332 Š./1953/ 1332, which has led to dark themes and blackness in this poetic trend, and it harbors nihilistic ideas. The discussion of loneliness has strongly considered this nihilistic trend. The main poets of this trend, based on their influence from the existentialist and humanist attitude, whose works are analyzed in this article, are Hassan Honarmandi, Forough Farrokhzad and Ahmed Shamlou. The results of this research showed that although the influence of the thoughts of French thinkers about loneliness is evident in this thought stream, this is associated with the unconscious influence of the background of Iranian thought in Persian poetry and concepts such as humanism, individualism, the endlessness of life, freedom based on It has reproduced individuality.