Shiite forms and symbols in the art of calligraphy with emphasis on the Safavid era

There are writings about the art of calligraphy in general and about calligraphy in the Safavid era in particular, but less has been said about the connection between calligraphy and Shiism and the Ahl al-Bayt (AS), especially in the Safavid era. Therefore, in this research, the question is how the art of calligraphy in the Safavid era is related to Shiism and the Ahl al-Bayt (AS). In this research, with a descriptive-analytical method, referring to the use of Shiite concepts and symbols in the art of calligraphy, especially in the Safavid era, it is concluded that along with the recommendations of the Ahl al-Bayt (AS) about good ‌Writing and remembering some of the companions of the Imams (AS) and some of Imams (AS) among the calligraphers, calligraphy in the form of repeated use of the letters and titles of the Shiite Imams (AS), prayer and recourse To the Ahl al-Bayt (AS), blessings be upon the Prophet (PBUH) and his family, and things like that, in the form of inscriptions, calligraphy in pictures, calligraphy on objects, metal, and cloth, and the importance shows the connection between Shiism and Ahl al-Bayt (AS) with calligraphy in the Safavid era and the works of the Safavid period.