A reflection on the concept of reason in Islamic civilization with an emphasis on the point of view of Mohammad bin Zakariya Razi (251 AH-313 AH)

Reason and wisdom, as the greatest gift of God, generally supervise all vital human activities such as understanding, knowing, and also moral judgments. It is also one of the factors that enable humans to create rational political, social, and economic structures. With its help, social order and justice can be established by creating effective laws. Verses, narrations, and the practices of religious leaders reveal the importance of reason and rational thought and action in Islam. Many Muslim thinkers addressed this importance from different angles, among them Muhammad bin Zakariya Razi, a prominent scientist of the third and early fourth centuries of Hijri. Reflection on the discussion of reason from the perspective of Zakaria Razi raises fundamental questions for the researcher, including considering the importance of rationality in Islam, what is Razi's solution for its usefulness, and practical realization in the advancement of Islamic civilization. What is Razi's approach to the types of formations of reason and finally their role and place in cognition? According to the mentioned cases, this article investigated the issue with a descriptive-analytical method, and its findings indicated Zakaria Razi's effort to spread and apply the structures of reasoning reason, critical rationality, and reason itself, the basis of Islamic civilization. The fight against the anti-rational currents that had distanced themselves from Islam's rationality under asceticism and withdrawal or inattention to the world is considered one of his other very important actions.