An Overview of the Mechanisms of Hot Spot Formation in the Initiation of Energetic Materials

The Study of Hot Spots as a Cause of Circumstantial Initiation in Energetic Materials in order to Increase Work and Storage Safety of these Materials is of Special Importance. Hot Spots, by Converting Different Types of Force like Mechanical Forces, Friction, Heat, and electro static discharge into Heat, Cause the Temperature to Rise Exponentially by about 700 Kelvin in 10-3 to 10-5 Seconds at that Point. If This Temperature Higher than Energy Threshold Required for the Initiation of Energetic Materials, it will Operate Combustion or Explosion Reactions at that Point, and then the Bulk of Energetic Materials may Initiate. Several different Mechanisms for the Formation of Hot Spots (such as Impact, Adiabatic Cutting, Adsorbed Gas Heating, Sparks, etc.) Are Investigated. The Type of Mechanism Involved in Creating the Hot Spot Depends on the Type of Energy Entering, the Nature and Components of the Mixture, the Physical Properties of the Material as well as the Environmental Conditions. Depending on the Conditions, one or more Mechanisms at the same Time may be Involved, and the Effect of each Mechanism is Different in Various Situations.