Feasibility of Using Carbonic Anhydrase in Bio Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide: Challenges and Opportunities

From 1990 to 2020, carbon dioxide emissions have dramatically increased (50%). It has already caused global warming and affected the environment and human health care. Moreover, carbon dioxide has dramatically increased up to 2 times in atmosphere since BCE, and the temperature of earth surface also raised 1°C from the past fifty years. Although novel technologies integrated carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) has been already proposed, there are still significant challenges such as cost, economic barriers, and uncertainties on environmental impacts. One promising way to mediate these issues is to utilization of carbonic anhydrase (CA) as enzyme in a eco-friendly manner without any secondary pollutants. In order to utilize CAs in carbon sequestration, high stable CAs on the extreme and harsh environment is essential. This review aims to present advanced developments in CA, efficient engineering strategies to improve the productivity and stability, immobilization techniques towards an industrial operating system. Recent challenges in industrial CAs application as well as its usage perspective in environmental protection have been also discussed.