Civil liability of the Municipality Arising out of contractor negligence

Usually, instead of carrying out legal duties themselves, municipalities outsource them to contractors. The issue in such cases, is that if a third party suffers loss due to a contractor's negligence, can he demand to be compensated by the municipality? In particular, this question is raised with the assumption that in the contract between the municipality and the contractor it is stipulated that compensation for damages suffered by third parties is the responsibility of the contractor.Regarding the responsibility of the municipality to the third party, there are three views in the judicial precedent:Relying on the contract, certain courts held that the municipality is responsible. Some other courts held that the municipality is responsible only to the extent that it was involved in cauing the loss.And finally, some others have considered the municipality to be responsible for all the damages caused to the third party. However, the municipality is entitled to refer to the contractor after compensating the third party.