Evaluation of New Diffusion in Architecture of Uruk Sites

The Uruk culture is one of the most significant cultures in Mesopotamia which First in the south of Mesopotamia and spread to other regions, including northern Mesopotamia (Tel Brak, etc.), Iran (Central Zagros, Central Plateau and Southwest), southeastern Turkey (Hacinebi, Hassek Höyük, etc.), northern Syria (Tel Hamoukar, Habuba Kabira, Jebel Aruda, etc.) and even Egypt and the Levant. Guillermo Algaze was the first to make hypotheses about the spread of this culture. Algaze argues that the lands adjacent to southern Mesopotamia underwent dramatic changes in society, politics, and economic organization during the Uruk period, which are influenced by developments in the alluvial lands of the south. However, the role of indigenous capacities is also important So that natural environment of these areas has played a significant role in formation the architecture of the Uruk period and creating architectural features related to the natural environment. Among the features, we can mention the triple plan (as the most important architectural feature related to the natural environment), clay cones and decorative niches, which are the features of southern Mesopotamia. In some areas, such as Godin and Hassek Höyük, an oval courtyard has been obtained which indicates the use of the site and also the use of Uruk architectural features based on the specific geographical conditions of the area of the two sites. This research by descriptive-historical method seeks to assess the question that architecture to what extent can indicate the influence of Uruk culture in neighboring areas? By examining the architecture in the Uruk Sites, it can be said the presence of architectural features along with other cultural elements can indicate the full influence of Uruk culture on a site Which researchers refer to as colony, enclave, or large enclave and Sites that are less architecturally influenced by the influence of Uruk culture; only involved in the Uruk trade network or their use is a trade station (such as Godin Tepe) and most of the indigenous capacities have contributed to the formation of their type of architecture.