Explain the Criteria for Promoting a Sense of Attachment to a Place with the Design Led Planning Approach (Parand City)

The sense of attachment to a place is one of the most important components of quality in urban spaces, which has semantic, emotional, and functional factors. This feeling takes place after understanding and judging the environment. In the case of satisfaction, it causes the optimal use of the environment and ultimately causes the continuation of the presence of individuals. In the evaluation and experiences of the implementation of urban development projects in the world and especially in our country, it has been proven that these projects have had little success in creating a qualified urban environment. In this regard, a new approach to preparing urban development plans with an approach to the city and an integrated vision called design-oriented planning has been proposed, which is a general process to connect planning to design. This topic is a product-oriented design that pays attention to all dimensions: physical, economic, social, psychological, perceptual, and visual. As one of the five cities around Tehran, Parand city is of special importance due to its location and characteristics.   Its special place is due to its special place to organize the population and the activity of the urban complex in the master plan and the plan of the urban complex of Tehran, i.e., the plans beyond it. Moreover, Parand city has a special regional location, which is strategic in terms of location. This research seeks the question of how design-based planning as an approach to improve the quality of the urban environment can be used to formulate a model to improve the sense of attachment to the place as one of the most important components of quality in Parand city. The key goal of this research in this direction is to determine the criteria for improving the sense of attachment to the place as an important dimension in improving the quality of urban life, emphasizing the Design-Led planning approach in Parand city.

In this research, according to the purpose and nature of the research, the combined or mixed exploratory research method has been used. In the first stage, the theoretical foundations, studies, and background related to the sense of attachment to place and design-oriented planning were analyzed and compiled systematically. In order to ensure the validity of the qualitative part, the opinions of professors and scientific experts and the theory of experts were used. The inductive content analysis method was used to analyze qualitative data. Therefore, in this section, with the help of open, central, and selective coding, the content categories in the studied model that was available in the literature and documents of the research subject have been searched, and finally, after coding, the research analysis model has been presented. In the second step, in the quantitative method, the questionnaire was made from qualitative data, and the face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts, supervisors, and consultants. Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, regression, and correlation tests were also used to analyze the data.

Based on the obtained results, it is determined that according to the conceptual model of the research, there is a significant relationship between all the variables of the research. In other words, there is a kind of convergence between the design and the planning criteria of the design-oriented planning variable and the criteria of place dependence and place identity variables of place attachment, that is, by promoting the criteria of place identity, place dependence, design-oriented planning, one can feel an attachment to Improve the location.Furthermore, the effect of place identity, place dependence, and design-oriented planning in order to promote place attachment is positive and meaningful.

In this regard, the sense of attachment to the place was considered as a central category, and three factors of place identity, dependence on the place, and design-oriented planning (as an influential element and innovation in research) were identified as elements influencing the sense of attachment to the place. According to the findings of this research and the conceptual model of the research, there is a positive and significant correlation between all research variables, in other words, between the design and the planning factors, the design-oriented planning variable, and the criteria of place dependence and place identity, the variable of attachment to a certain place. There is convergence, that is, by improving the criteria of place identity, place dependence, and design-oriented planning, the sense of attachment to place can be improved in Parand city. In examining the authenticity of the claim of the existence of the effect of place identity, place dependence, design-oriented planning, and design factors in the second phase of Parand city on promoting the sense of attachment, since their significance level is less than 5%, their effect is accepted in the direction of promoting attachment to the place. Considering the background of the research and examining the results of the current research with recent research, it can be acknowledged that the missing element in recent research is the role of the design-oriented planning approach in promoting the sense of attachment to the place because in the evaluation and experiences of the implementation of the project Urban development projects in the world and especially in our country have proven that urban development projects have had little success in creating a quality urban environment. Therefore, various urban thinkers have supported the presence of quality-oriented thinking specific to urban design in all scales (macro and micro) of urban development plans to create a quality environment, and thus a new approach in preparing urban development plans with a visionary approach to the city. They were integrated into the name of design-oriented planning. In this research, the role of this factor was investigated by identifying the relevant indicators that can be of great help to urban designers.