A Jurisprudential Explanation of Threat Factors and Security Tools in Society

Fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) by relying on religious texts and reason, and deriving Shariah rulings from them, is in the place of defining and creating a believing society. Among other things, fiqh by counting the threatening factors of this society in the social arena, while condemning the threatening factors and imposing worldly and hereafter punishments on them, infers and presents mechanisms and methods to prevent or deal with these threats. Social security, which is considered under national security in the broad interpretation of security, is based on the protection of the values governing the society and its religious identity against the attack against it. These values determine the objectives of social life and direct people's actions towards them. With regard to the issue of social security (as one of the aspects of the Islamic state's security) and the mission of fiqh, the question arises as to how and from what source or sources the religious society is vulnerable. Moreover, what are the security protection mechanisms of this society? In explaining the problem, social security has been examined based on the three levels of "security of what, against what, and with what tools and mechanisms". In addition to explaining social security, jurisprudential propositions regarding the sources and factors of threats to social security (such as oppression, discrimination, warfare, and oppressive government), as well as the ways and mechanisms to deal with them such as Hudud (punishments that under Islamic law are mandated and fixed by God as per Islam) and Ta'azirat (punishments for offenses at the discretion of the judge or ruler of the state), commanding the good and forbidding the bad, hijab, cooperation, the rules of Dar', family, Hesba (public duties) institution, Qada institution, etc. have been extracted and examined. The finding of the present study is to reveal the capability of fiqh in explaining the sources of social security risk and the mechanisms of its protection in the framework of the believing society considered by fiqh.