Comparative Analysis of Stress Distribution through Finite-Element Models of 3 NiTi Endodontic Instruments while Operating in Different Canal Types

Statement of the Problem:

 Distribution of stress along endodontic instruments determines their fracture resistance during instrumentation of root canals. The cross-sectional design of instruments and root canal anatomy are of the most important factors affecting the stress distribution.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stress distribution in different cross-sectional design of nickel-titanium (NiTi) endodontic instruments operating in different canal anatomies using finite element analysis (FEA).

In this original finite element analysis study, 3-dimensional models of convex triangle (CT), S-type (S), and triple-helix (TH) cross-sectional designs with the size of 25/04 simulated rotational movements through 45ᵒ and 60ᵒ angled root canals with 2- and 5-mm radii using ABAQUS software. The stress distribution was evaluated by the means of FEA.

CT showed the lowest stress values followed by the TH and S ones. The most stress concentration was detected in the CT apical third while, TH revealed better stress distribution all along its length. 45ᵒ curvature angle and 5-mm radius applied the lowest stress to the instruments.

Higher value of radius and smaller curvature angle apply lower stress values to the instrument. CT design shows the lowest stress level with the most stress concentration in its apical third while the triple-helix design has a better stress distribution. Thus, it is safer to use convex triangular cross-section mostly for coronal and middle thirds in initial steps of shaping and triple-helix for the apical third in final steps.