Critical Analysis of the Method of Suyūtī hadith Understanding in the "Tanwīr al-Ḥawālik"

"Tanwīr al-Ḥawālik" is a brief description of Suyūtī on Muwata' Mālik. In this work, Suyūtī mainly elaborates on the meaning of the text of hadiths, therefore, the mentioned writing can be considered as a collection of Fiq al- hadith. Knowledge of Fiq al-hadith is the result of other sciences of hadith, and knowledge of the method of its predecessors, especially commentators such as Suyūtī in understanding hadiths, can lead to the correction or deepening of our understanding. Therefore, this paper intends to use a descriptive-analytical method to critically analyze the method of Suyūtī in Fiq al-hadith in "Tanwīr al-Ḥawālik". Although Suyūtī has tried to make the traditions of Muwata' among the correct traditions, but paying attention to the unorganized situation of transmitting and writing of hadiths and the formation of many fabrited traditions in the time of Malik and his frequent revisions show that even the last version of Muwata' was not the final owner. The inclusion of Muwata' in the traditions of muqūf and maqtū' and considering the nonauthority of the opinions of the companions and followers is another reason for the invalidity of the view of Suyūtī. After discussing the issues of Isnad, he has described the hadiths in various ways. Raising rhetorical issues and paying attention to the concepts of truth and permissibility and avoiding incarnation and appearances, combining conflicting hadiths as much as possible and counting examples of naskh, lack of fairness in explaining theological issues such as inheriting prophets and not benefiting Sufficient and faithful of the verses of the Qur'an in the explanation of hadiths are among the advantages and disadvantages of the method of Suyūtī's Fiq al- hadith.