Investigating and analyzing factors influencing goods smuggling (case study of Bushehr province)

Smuggling is one of the activities that are attributed to the so-called underground economy. The underground economy refers to all activities that take place outside the framework of current laws and regulations. Also, smuggling may be done from official sources or from unofficial sources. Every year, irreparable material and moral costs and damages are imposed on the country due to this abnormal behavior. The unfavorable economic situation of the border dwellers and the uneven growth and development in different regions of the country, which is the result of a certain type of historical process of nation-state formation in the country, has caused the level of development of the border regions to be much lower than the center.

In this research, according to data collection through interviews with elites and experts, or the Delphi method, and snowball sampling from the statistical population of Bushehr province, to investigate the phenomenon of cattle smuggling and the economic factors affecting this phenomenon. and the ways to reduce it have been discussed. Finally, the information obtained was analyzed using Excel and SPSS software, and the results of determining the reliability of the questions asked in the interview, which was also through Cronbach's alpha test, were the average reliability for the whole The number of components showed 0.89.

Results and findings of the research:

 The results of the research indicate that dealing with the smuggling of goods requires the study of two groups: small-scale smugglers and consumers. If it is possible to curb the smuggling at the micro level, it will be much easier to deal with the smuggling at the macro level because it is limited. The lack of employment opportunities in official sectors and poverty in the border areas make people tend to smuggle goods at the retail level; On the other hand, the expansion and continuation of goods smuggling in the long term will increase unemployment and as a result, the spread of poverty. The root of this sequence lies in the fact that the smuggling of goods generates large incomes for a limited number of people, and for the majority of people, it only serves the function of livelihood.