Experimental Study of the Simultaneous Effect of the Shape and Longitudinal Angle of the Bridge Pier on Scour

Engineers in recent decades have come to the conclusion that the design of bridges should be based not only on structural considerations but also on the impact of flow on bridges due to the long-term experience of building bridges over rivers. In this study, we investigated the effects of the longitudinal development of the pier, the vertical angle of the pier, the pier thickness, and the shape of the base nose for sediment with an average diameter of 1.2 mm. Experiments were performed on piers with angles (45, 60, 75 and 95). The results showed that the angle was different from different points along with the distance between the hole and the pier, and the scour depth was above the maximum depth created. At an angle of 45 degrees without a nose, the scour depth was reduced by 51% for the base with a thickness of 30 mm, 79% for the pier with a thickness of 15 mm, and 89% for the triangular nose with a thickness of 30 mm. Among the triangular and long noses, the triangular nose in all the studied conditions was better reduced by 96.4% scours depth. In addition, as the thickness of the pier decreased, the pressure applied to the pier decreased and, as a result, scouring decreased by 8.3%.