Investigating the barriers to the development of enterprises in IslamAbad and Hossein Abad neighborhoods, City of Zabul

Introuduction:

In recent years, the role of enterprises (high-yield) in developed countries as well as developing countries is increasing. Enterprises are one of the most important and vital units active in today's societies that can be helped to solve the problem of unemployment, increase production and national exports with proper planning as well as supportive and regulatory solutions. But today, these enterprises face many obstacles. According to available statistics, about 23% of small units in the first year and about 42% at the end of the fifth year have failed for various reasons and have been forced to stop operating. Zabol city Enterprises, Islamabad and Hosseinabad districts are no exception to this rule. Due to lack of necessary skills and expertise, the majority of residents in these areas are not attracted to the formal sector of the urban economy and are employed in informal jobs. Considering that about 90% of the economic enterprises in these neighborhoods are serviced and commercial enterprises, and due to the unfavorable economic situation and low income, these enterprises cannot survive in the field of competition, and as a result, the owner enterprises are forced to close down. Considering the importance of the development of economic enterprises in Sistan region and its important role on the sustainability of employment and even continuoued job creation, the above article aims to investigate the obstacles to the development of economic enterprises in Islamabad and Hosseinabad neighborhoods.

The method in this research is descriptive-analytical. The statistical population of this research is economic enterprises located in Islamabad and Hosseinabad neighborhoods (226) which then, according to the number of economic enterprises in the above neighborhoods (142 enterprises), 142 enterprises have been calculated as the sample size of enterprises using Cochran's formula at 95% confidence level. Of these, 88 enterprises in Islamabad neighborhood and 54 enterprises are located in Hosseinabad neighborhood. To collect information, in addition to library studies and field observations and interviews with enterprise owners, indicators appropriate for the enterprises in the study area were determined. Based on the determined indicators, the studied enterprises questionnaires have been prepared. To analyze the data, Shannon and Saw entropy multivariate decision weighting models have been used.   Also, in order to analyze the data, SPSS software was used along with one-sample t-test.

In order to assess the barriers to the development of enterprises in (Islam Abad and Hossein Abad neighborhoods), several methods are used, which are different based on the purpose of the study and the expertise level and analysis method. In order to determine the weight and importance of the selected indicators using the opinions of the respondents, the entropy coefficient was used. Finally, in order to obtain accurate final results, the final weight obtained for the indicators was multiplied by the data (items) obtained from the respondents' questionnaire. The weight assigned to each selected indicator is calculated and presented. Political obstacles (lack of a single trustee in the field of development of small and medium enterprises, problems for exporting goods inside and outside the country), weighing 0.246, have the highest amount of obstacles. Financial barriers (disproportion of capital and labor, fluctuations in raw material prices, retail sales of products, trade sanctions on Iran, high inflation in the country, financial problems of enterprises, reduced liquidity, high bank interest rates) with a weight of 0.200 has second rank and skills-training barriers (lack of labor skills, low level of education in the labor force, unwillingness to consult marketing, weakness in economic, financial and managerial knowledge); With a weight of 0.189, it has third rank. Then, indicators of legal obstacles (necessary instability in regulations, rules and policies of foreign exchange and trade, lack of timely implementation of government incentive policies such as tax exemptions and export bonuses, insufficient facilities and financial and non-financial support provided by small and medium enterprises, administrative barriers to receiving facilities, lack of specialized banks to pay facilities to small enterprises, lack of unity of procedure between banks in providing facilities to enterprises, the existence of numerous and sometimes contradictory laws in the country) with a weight of 0.188, have fourth rank and indicators of infrastructure barriers (weakness of local constructions, being in the false place, lack of suitable bandwidth for the Internet) with a weight of 0.187 have the lowest rank. Also, in describing the barriers to the development of enterprises in the studied neighborhoods based on the saw method, an Islam Abad neighborhood with a final score 0.507 has the highest and Hossein Abad with 0.490 has the lowest level of development barriers.

Comparing the results of the present study with other similar studies shows that some of the results are consistent and contradictory.  According to the research findings, political barriers (lack of a single trustee in the field of development of small and medium-sized enterprises, problems for exporting goods inside and outside the country), weighing 0.246, have highest number of barriers to the development of enterprises. These results are consistent with the findings of the study (Rezaei and colleague, 2015). In the study of Rezaei and colleague, among the six factors extracted, the political-infrastructural factor with a value 3.715 alone explains 17.38% of the total variance. Also, the third barrier for the development of economic enterprises was the financial barriers that have been emphasized in the research (Zargar and Beidakhti, 2011).