Investigation of physical factors in Baharestan Square in the vitality of Tehran citizens

Abstract One of the most important aspects of being in urban spaces, which creates vitality and increases it among citizens, is spaces such as urban squares. Today, several factors have caused the squares to lose their efficiency as an urban space to visit and become a geometric space for vehicles to pass. In this research, survey, field, interview and questionnaire methods have been used. According to the results, what turns a place into a welcoming space is not only its physical dimension, but also the social dimension of this place by creating vitality by considering the criteria of civil rights, which leads to the formation of a populist urban space. In this way, people of all ages can be reunited, creating face-to-face relationships and increasing social interactions. In general, no desirable urban quality, including the creation of a sense of belonging and vitality in urban squares, can be the product of an event. The vitality of a space is derived from a chain of activities, logical, coordinated and program-oriented actions.