Optimal sizing of hybrid photovoltaic-wind-battery system considering cost and reliability: Case study for Tehran

In this paper, the optimal design of a hybrid photovoltaic-wind system with battery storage for a remote area in Tehran province has been done by a proposed modified version of the Bald Eagle algorithm (MBES). An innovative objective function is proposed which is a combination of the investment cost, maintenance cost and fines for energy not supply. Also, the loss of power supply probability (LPSP) reliability index is also considered as a main optimization constraint. The simulations are done in two scenarios with LPSP of 2% and 5% and the obtained results from the optimization by the proposed MBES algorithm are compared with the discrete simulated annealing (DSA), discrete harmony search (DHS) and also the initial version of the bald eagle search (BES). The simulation results showed that the system cost at LPSP=2% is about 19% higher than LPSP=5%. The results also proved that the proposed MBES performed better than the other three algorithms in both scenarios and its designing cost is lower than other.