Professional Ethics with the Approach of Higher Health Education

 Professional ethics is a branch of ethical knowledge that analyzes the ethical duties of a profession and its ethical issues. Professional ethics is a set of principles and standards of human behavior that determine the behavior of individuals and groups. The principles of professional ethics have a great burden and values, the observance of which plays a significant role in the observance of norms and the effectiveness of social interactions, and this requires basic and basic knowledge of the mentioned principles. Professional ethics is a rational thinking process that aims to determine the values ​​of the organization. Ethics in higher health education is a multi-dimensional concept and the origin of its effectiveness in it, for this reason, it has received the attention of many universities. The diversity of research in the field of professional ethics has confronted researchers and managers with many variables and dimensions in this regard. Higher health education is one of the subsets of science and technology systems, which is of particular importance due to the changing environment of health systems and the need for education to respond to this changing environment. The ethics of education in the university provides the benefits and individual and group well-being of students. Ignoring ethics in education harms students' ability to learn. Some of the ethical principles of university education include: respecting students as human beings, considering students as equals in counseling, teaching, and grading, and keeping students' grades confidential, so professors must observe the principles of professional ethics. (especially clinical professors) is of special value due to the effective role they have on the performance of learners and individuals. Faculty members as models and examples for students, besides their scientific role, also play a sensitive moral role. For this reason, in many universities and institutions of higher education, regulations with the title of ethical identifiers have been compiled. On the other hand, training and compliance with the principles of professional ethics in medical clinical fields are always the focus of attention. Clinical professional ethics means knowing and acting on the moral responsibilities that each person has towards others. In ancient Iranian medicine, the scholars of Iranian medicine, who were the Islamic Mujtahids of their era, believed in their monotheistic belief in virtue-based ethics between the doctor and the patient and considered attention to clinical ethics as the main condition for entering the medical field, along with medical services. Medical ethics is an interdisciplinary science whose subject is ethical issues in the field of medical sciences. Medical ethics tries to apply ethics in the field of practice of doctors and medical staff and the field of ethical decisions in medicine, and examines the obstacles to the observance of professional ethics; For example, these obstacles can be placed in the fields of management, environment, personal care and any factor that prevents the observance of professional ethics in clinical care. Therefore, according to the topics discussed in the medical community, the discussion of ethics has a special place due to the importance of the medical profession, so medical ethics has been assigned very serious and extensive scientific discussions. If the benefits of observing professional ethics are more comprehensive, the degree of commitment to its principles is of higher degree, and the more reasonable the restrictions imposed by the principles of professional ethics are, the more effective they are in the growth of the organization, the stronger the adherence will be. The interweaving of moral virtues with the medical profession has long given it sanctity and honor. Because the doctor is the trustee of the patient's life, wealth, and honor due to his profession. This principle of ethics in medicine has many examples, among them are trustworthiness towards public property (medical facilities and equipment) and human resources (doctors, nurses, workers in medical departments, students, and patients). Ethics in higher health education is a multi-dimensional concept, for this reason, it has been the focus of many universities. Education and compliance with the principles of professional ethics in medical clinical fields are always the focus of attention. Therefore, the present study is conducted to review professional ethics with the approach of higher health education.

In this systematic review, of articles published in domestic and foreign journals available in databases; SID, Iran Medex, Pubmed, Google scholar, Cochrane, Scopus, Web of Science Uptodate, Magiran, were used in the range of 2000-2020. The search for articles was mainly done using the keywords professional ethics, higher education, medical science education, health and their English equivalent quality of learning experiences, effective learning, learners, and University of Medical Sciences. The inclusion criteria included all studies in line with the approach of professional ethics and effective higher health education, and the exclusion criteria were studies not related to the title. Two researchers searched the articles simultaneously and evaluated the quality of the articles separately in order to increase the validity and reliability of the study. The articles were evaluated based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The selection of articles was done in such a way that at first, a list of titles and abstracts of all the articles available in the databases were prepared by the researcher and examined in order to determine and select relevant titles. Then related articles were entered into the research process independently of all cases. At the end of the search, 98 articles were obtained and finally, 14 articles that were of good quality were included in the systematic review.

It shows that the role of academic faculty members in universities is to improve moral education in universities. Some of the goals of professional ethics are: achieving prosperity and perfection, acquiring competencies and creating a foundation for guiding educators, medical errors and doctor's responsibility (confidentiality, truthfulness, confidentiality, etc.), ethics in education, research, ethical considerations for the development of ethics education Medicine based on Iranian-Islamic values ​​and holding a workshop on topics related to professional medical ethics for university faculty members.

Professional ethics is one of the basic necessities in the health education system, and in order to achieve professional ethics in the health education system, the approaches mentioned in the higher health education system should be implemented. The professional ethics working group seeks to implement the professional ethics enhancement package from the total transformation and innovation plan packages in medical science education, which aims to institutionalize the responsive education approach in the health system and institutionalize professional ethics and communication skills. Values ​​and ethical principles and professional behavior at the core of all educational programs and activities, including the main goals of the Ministry of Health in the field of ethics and role models of professors in this regard, have the greatest impact on the education of students. Professional ethics is one of the basic requirements in the health education system, and in order to achieve professional ethics in the health education system, the approaches mentioned in the higher health education system should be implemented.