The Effect of Arching Soil on the Stability and Deformation of Deep Urban Excavation

With the development of urbanization and the increasing development of high-rise structures, there is a definitive need for excavation with higher depths. The important matter to be considered in such cases is providing stability of the excavation to prevent any probable risk in the urban environments. Because of excavation, the soil as a bearing system removed, and consequently, the equilibrium of in-situ stresses in the soil mass and the between-granular stresses are disrupted. If this stress change exceeded the tolerance limit of the soil, the soil would be unstable and, the excavation collapse will be inevitable. Hence, one of the aims of engineers in the assessment of excavation is the stability analysis so that the safety factor must always be above one. In addition to stability analysis and due to the effect of excavation on the surrounding area, deformation and settlement analyses are also necessary for the urban areas (Chen et al, 2020).