Rereading Discourse Features of Praise in the Prologue of Nizami's Iqbal-Nameh, based on Norman Fairclough's theory

Iqbal-Nameh is the last Couplet-poem of Nizami Ganjavi that part of whose Prologue contains the praise of the king. Norman Fairclough, an English linguist, is one of the founders of critical discourse analysis. Fairclough has proposed a three-dimensional model for analyzing texts: description, interpretation, and explanation. His ultimate goal is to clarify the connection between the text, the discourse in which the text is produced, and the connection between power and ideology and hegemony so that it can be determined that the text reproduces, challenges, or changes the dominant discourse and ideology. The question is, what has Nizami faced with the dominant discourse in praising the king? We found that despite the existence of several discourses, the Ash'ari-Sufi discourse is the main discourse, and although it is sometimes challenged, Nizami reproduces it in the King's favor and line with the continuation of his Domination. In legitimizing King, the poet has been able to take advantage of the lexical and grammatical capacities - the choice of words and special interpretations, good interpretation, semantic contrast, the informative aspect of verbs, question, known sentences, pronouns, and Adverbs- and the principles of Ash'ari beliefs.