Fabrication, characterization, and biological applications of TiO2 nanoparticles coated by chitosan

Objective This study aimed to investigate and compare the properties of titanium dioxide (TiO2) and TiO2/Chitosan (TiO2/CS) NPs and their effect on wound healing and bone defect repair. TiO2 NPs synthesized and modified using of CS. Methods to evaluate the modification surface changes of NPs FTIR analyses were used. The size of NPs was evaluated by PCS and TEM. MTT assay was performed to compare the effects of various concentrations of NPs in cell culture. Here, the examination group was divided into two groups: the burn model treatment group and the bone defect treatment model. Histomorphologic observations were performed to evaluate and compare the results. Results The TEM image showed a spherical shape and smooth surface with a particle size on a nanometric scale. The particle size of TiO2 NPs modified with CS depicted in TEM images is in agreement with the results obtained by PCS results. Furthermore, the images show that the particles exhibit a spherical shape, and a matrix without aggregation. Cytotoxicity assay on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) approved nontoxic effects of TiO2/CS with dose of 1 and 5 µg/ml. The data also demonstrated that coating the TiO2 NPs with CS at higher concentrations significantly increases their biocompatibility. Histological investigations revealed that skin and bone regeneration in the experimental classes by TiO2/CS was remarkably enhanced than other groups. The process of synthesis of NPs has effective influences on their bioactivity and cytotoxicity. Conclusion Covering TiO2 NPs with chitosan is highly suggested for tissue regeneration and engineering applications.