Jur Gestionis as an Exception in Immunity of State in International Law

The principle of immunity of states is one of the recognized principles in the international society. This general principle rooted in equality of sovereignty of States which results to no jurisdiction of national courts in foreign. Intervention of States in economic, simultaneously with private persons, caused to irrationality of immunity of States; So restrictive immunity substituted full immunity of States and private or commercial behaviors (jure gestionis) become as an exception to immunity of States.For determination of jure gestionis scope some criteria exist like nature of act , purpose of act , bargain party , properties type , profitability and governing law on transaction. Present research beside analyzing the State practices in legislating and adjudicating of United States of America, Canada, United Kingdom, Iran, Austria, Switzerland and Iraq shows that all of them have accepted the nature criteria. Also European Convention on State Immunity 1972 has accepted same criteria. But in opposite UN Convention of State Immunity and their Properties 2002 codified compound criteria means nature, purpose and bargain party.