Secondary Senses of Imperative Sentences in Iqbal Lahori's Poems

Iqbal Lahori, a Muslim thinker, believed that poets, like prophets, are leaders and guides of human beings. Poetry, in his belief, is the means of expressing the truth and inviting people to fight for the truth. Iqbal has paid attention to the instructive and persuasive aspect of speech, as well as the eloquence and rhetoric of words and meanings of poetry. Imperative sentences show the most important aspect of the conative function of language. For these reasons, the function of secondary senses of imperative sentences in Iqbal poetry was studied and analyzed in this study. The research method was based on the identification and classification of secondary senses of imperative sentences in Iqbal's poetry besides analyzing the evidence based on the two-way relationship between the speaker and the audience. This was an important research because it could explain the function of language and message transmission methods according to the interaction between the poet and his audience. The results of this study showed that in Iqbal's poems, 770 sentences had been used with secondary meanings, while the imperative sentences had the meaning of guidance in 50% of them and he was thus in a superior position to the audience in terms of knowledge and awareness. In 35% of the evidence, he spoke to the audience with an equal verbal communication so as to persuade them. He showed a lower position in front of the audience only when he spoke to God and absent or imaginary audience.