Histological evaluation of ProRoot mineral trioxide aggregate and Cold ceramic as root‑end filling materials in animal models

This study aimed to evaluate the reaction of the periapical tissue to Cold ceramic and mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) following periapical endodontic surgery.

In this experimental study, a total of 12 mandibular first, second, and third premolars of two male dogs were selected. All procedures were performed under general anesthesia. The access cavities were prepared, and the length of canals was determined. Root canal treatment was performed. A week later, periradicular surgery was performed. After osteotomy, 3 mm of the root end was cut. Then, a 3‑mm cavity was created by an ultrasonic. The teeth were randomly divided into two groups (n = 12). The root‑end cavities were filled with MTA in the first group and with Cold ceramic in the second group. After 4 months, the animals were scarified. Histological evaluation of the periapical tissues was performed. Data were analyzed using SPSS 22 and Chi‑square test and P = 0.05.

The findings showed 87.5% and 58.3% cementum formation in MTA and Cold ceramic groups, respectively, indicating a significant difference (P < 0.001). In addition, the results showed 91.7% and 83.3% bone formation in MTA and Cold ceramic groups, respectively, but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.6). Furthermore, the findings revealed 87.5% and 58.3% periodontal ligament (PDL) formation in MTA and Cold ceramic groups, respectively (P = 0.05).

Cold ceramic was able to induce the regeneration of cementum, bone, and PDL; hence, it can be considered as a biocompatible root‑end filling material in endodontic surgery.