Investigating the Effects of Canola oil Nanoemulsion on Hematological Parameters of Mice with Breast Cancer Cell Line TUBO

In developing countries, the prevalence of breast cancer has increased and is becoming a major global problem. Extensive research has been devoted to understanding the causes of breast cancer and creating new treatment methods for this disease. The canola plant is rich in sulfur-containing compounds responsible for its rich content of glucosinolates, pungent aroma, and flavor. This plant contains antioxidants such as vitamin C and E, carotenoids, and antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase. This research aims to investigate the effect of canola oil nanoemulsion on the hematological factors of mice suffering from breast cancer with the TUBO cell line.

In this experimental research, the synthesis of nanoemulsion from canola oil was carried out, and its size and stability were confirmed. Then the TUBO cancer cells were cultured and injected into mice. The treatment was carried out with canola oil nanoemulsion with 1, 2 and 4% concentrations and homogenous with tamoxifen. Statistical analysis of data related to blood parameters was done by SPSS statistical software .One-way ANOVA and Tukey's test were used to compare the results between groups (p<0.05 was considered significant).

In the present study, the count of white blood cells in the cancer group increased significantly compared to the control group (control: 3167 ± 93, cancer: 8150 ± 676, P < 0.01). Furthermore, by performing the treatment and increasing the amount of Canola oil nanoemulsion, the amount of white blood cells decreased compared to the cancer group (4775 ± 1557 and P < 0.01). On the contrary, the count of red blood cells decreased from 7712000 ± 400000 in the control group to 5908000 ± 190000 in the cancer group (P < 0.001). Treatment with nanoemulsion corrected this change and increased the number of red blood cells to 6444000 ± 120000 (P < 0.05). Regarding hemoglobin and related parameters, no significant difference was observed between the control and the cancer groups and treatmentwith nanoemulsion and tamoxifen groups. The number of platelets in the cancer group showed a significant difference from the control group, and the treated groups showed significant changes = somewhat similar to the control group (control: 787000 ± 131243, cancer: 405250 ± 40034, treated with nanoemulsion: 633400 ± 48264 (P < 0.05).

The synthesized Canola oil nanoemulsion with the size below 50 nm and a zeta potential of about -30 has high stability and uniform dispersion. Cancer induction caused changes in the blood parameters of mice. The treatment with nanoemulsion improved the condition to the desired extent, which is probably related to the antioxidant compounds present in the Canola oil.