A Reflection on Thematic-Semantic Function of Proper Names in Attar`s Odes

Examining the poems of different periods, from different aspects related to form and meaning, can have decisive values. One of these aspects is to examine the use of proper nouns in poetry. Alam and proper names, including various and numerous details, have had an effective and pivotal presence in Persian literature, especially ancient and contemporary poetry, from the past until now. Understanding the meaning of many poems is linked with understanding the semantic and visual function of the special noun used in them. Considering this importance, the topic of this article is to investigate the function of proper nouns in the themes and concepts of Attar's ghazal; An obvious and ponderable function. This review, in addition to making us face this poet's ghazal from a new perspective, is an attempt to identify a distinctive part of ancient Persian poetry of which Attar's ghazal is one of its important manifestations. The most important mission of this trend, which started with Sana'i, is to instill mystical, romantic, socio-political and Qalandaran concepts.

The present research is a theoretical study that was carried out in a descriptive-analytical way, and the target version of Attar's Diwan edited by Saeed Nafisi, published by Mendan Aviz, was examined.

The findings show that the most use of proper nouns in Ghazal Attar is revealed with romantic concepts. In this thematic field, explaining the virtues of the beloved is the most obvious function.

Induction of mystical concepts and terms has the second position. Among these topics, mystical seeking has the most expression. The concepts of singing and playing are placed in the next place. The final frequency is also one of those socio-political functions; Emphasizing the condemnation of betrayal and hypocrisy. In Attar's Ghazal, the order of usage of special nouns is: elements of nature, animals, persons, places, objects, and divine books.