Impact of Egypt's Cultural Context on Malik Ashtar's Treaty based on Fairclough's Discourse Analysis

Abstract   As an eloquent ruler, Amir al-Mu'minin Ali (AS) put effort into codifying and regulating Malik Ashtar's treaty logically and wisely. On the other hand, he paid attention to the history of civilization and education of Egypt while preparing and drafting the treaty. He considered Egyptian society's situation, requirements, and needs in drafting the treaty. Considering these features, the Imam sent Malik Ashtar to that terrestrial. Based on the descriptive-analytical method and Fairclough's discourse analysis, this research indicated that Amir al-Mu'minin Ali (AS) wrote the government charter with the utmost eloquence, considering the existing problems of Islamic societies, especially in Egypt. By understanding the linguistic and literary dimensions of Malik Ashtar's treaty, one can understand the treaty's ideology. In this way, the proposition according to the conditions of the Egyptian society can be identified; on the other hand, the religious ideology in Malik Ashtar's treaty has multiple frequencies and repetition. What played a significant role in the formation of the ideology and cognitive-intellectual foundation of the treaty was Imam Ali's comprehensive knowledge of the Egyptian people and his knowledge of the Egyptian social context. According to the problems of Egyptian society, he always had his religious concept in different conditions for Islamic governance. Even though this treaty is historical, it can also be used for other nations and ages.