Applications of al-Ḥikma in Islamic Sciences and its effect on Qurʾānic Exegesis

The word al-Ḥikma is one of more frequently used words in the Qurʾān, which is repeated 20 times in 19 verses, as well as expressions with the theme of teaching al-Ḥikma, imparting al-Ḥikma, reciting al-Ḥikma, calling to monotheism with al-Ḥikma, the descent of al-Ḥikma, imparting al-Ḥikma, and al-Ḥikma al-Bāligha. Various opinions can be seen in the efforts of Muslim scholars to explain the meaning of al-Ḥikma. Among these scholars are the commentators of the Qurʾān. In this study, we want to see to what extent the opinions of Muslim commentators have influenced the interpretation of the meaning of al-Ḥikma from the applications of the word in various Islamic sciences. We will try to reread the meaning of wisdom in the Qurʾān, the older uses of the word in traditions, the understanding of lexicographers of the word's ancient uses in Arabic, and finally, the effect of all these on interpretation of the Qurʾān. It is necessary to defend this hypothesis that gradually the applications of al-Ḥikma in Islamic Sciences have overcome the old meaning of the word, and the interpretation of the commentators has also changed.