The Effect of seeds priming with three metallic complex of iron and its Fe3O4 nanoparticlesresulting from its thermal decomposition on the some growth physiologic parameters of Triticum aestivum

Wheat is one of the most important grains and considering the role of nanotechnology in crop production, it is very important to study the effect of nanoparticles on its growth processes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of three metallic complex of iron and its Fe3O4 nanoparticles on growth and some physiological parameters of wheat. In this study, treatments included no seed priming (control), priming with different concentrations (100, 200 and 500 ppm) of iron complex and the iron nanoparticles. The structure of iron nanocomplexes were identified and confirmed by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) as well as monocrystalline X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (SC-XRD). The structure of Fe3O4 nanoparticles was also studied by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (SEM). The total phenolic content was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu assay and the amount of flavonoid was determined by colorimetry. Antioxidant activity was determined by FRAP method. The results showed that the prepared iron oxide nanoparticles had a smaller particle size and a larger specific surface area than the iron nanocomplex. The results showed that all growth and physiological parameters increased significantly under the treatment of all concentrations of iron complex and iron nanoparticles compared to the control. The highest seed germination (94%) was observed at the concentration of 500 ppm iron nanoparticles. Maximum root length (27 cm), stem length (16.3 cm), stem dry weight (1.7 mg), root dry weight (1.2 mg), root dry weight (0.03 g), stem dry weight (0.04 g), root length (29.33 cm) and stem length (29 cm) were observed at a concentration of 500 ppm iron nanoparticles. According to the results of this study, seed priming with iron nanoparticles is suggested as a suitable stimulant for increasing growth and production of phenolic compounds.