A Modified Empirical Path Loss Model for 4G LTE Network in Lagos, Nigeria

The quality of signal at a particular location is essential to determine the performance of mobile system. The problem of poor network in Lagos, Nigeria needs to be addressed especially now that the attention is toward online learning and meetings. Existing empirical Path Loss (PL) models designed elsewhere are not appropriate for predicting the 4G Long-Term Evolution (LTE) signal in Nigeria. This research developed a modified Okumura-Hata model in 4G network. The Okumura-Hata model being the closest to the measured values was modified using the PL exponent. The modified model was enhanced by Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA). The measured data, modified and existing models were simulated using MATLAB R2018a software. Root Mean Square (RMSE) was used to evaluate the performance modified and existing and models. The result showed that Enhanced GSA model outperformed the existing models. The study successfully developed a modified PL model for LTE in Lagos, Nigeria. Therefore, modified model will be a good model in network planning for voice and fast online data connection in 4G LTE network.