A cultural semiotics of the novels; “Hamnavai Shabane-e Orchestr-e Chobha” and “Vaha-e Ghoroob” (A Comparative Reading Based on Yuri Lutman Pattern of Nature and Culture)

Yuri Lutman has defined cultural semiotics based on interactive confrontations in three patterns comprising; "nature and culture", "chaos and order", and "insider and other". His cultural semiotics has been able to interpret the connection among special cryptographic structures in a confrontational-interactive system. Lutman has depicted the influence of nature, culture, and their codes on the characters and their actions in the three above-mentioned models. The purpose of cultural semiotics is to study the intercultural relations of the confrontational-interactive system for the "nature and Culture" pattern, which explains the dominance of the insider culture and its cryptocurrencies against the uncultured ones or other cultures. Novels targeting immigration are a good subject to study the notion of confrontation, interaction, the obstacles by nature, culture, and their mysteries. The current study has investigated the basic components of the character construction and their actions in the novels "Hamnavai Shabane-e Orchestr-e Chobha" by Reza Ghasemi and "Vaha-e Ghoroob" by Baha Taher based on the "nature and culture" pattern by Lutman in a descriptive-analytical method. The purpose of this study is to explain the position of characters and their actions based on the intercultural interaction of origin and destination culture in the studied novels. As presented by the results of the study, these two authors have preserved their own culture in the turmoil of character immigration to the host culture based on the components of nature and culture. More precisely, the novels of these two authors is in alignment with the "nature and culture" pattern with respect to the social components of gender, marriage, and domination of power (murder). The spatial and atmospheric texture of "Vaha-e Ghoroob" is consistent with the pattern of nature, but the novel "Hamnavai Shabane-e Orchestr-e Chobha" converges more with the pattern of culture.