A Study of Jung's “Compensation Theory” in the Poetry of Ahmad Shamloo and Amal Denqal

Compensation theory, first proposed by Jung to create a counterbalance and mental-balance to eliminate feelings of psychological inferiority, is one of the existing self-defense mechanisms. As posed by this psychological theory, every individual may have backward or forgotten complexes in their subconscious mindset and undergo a certain change and attitude in the evolutionary process of their lives. In other words, the greater the force due to psychological complexes in human, the more his external activities and behaviors and psychological reactions would be. Accordingly, based on the "theory of compensation" and the study of literary work in this respect, a scientific-analytical connection can be established between the psychological complexes and social inferiority of contemporary poets with the function of psychological energy of mythical characters. This study, therefore, is an attempt to show the intensity of psychological performance of literary creators such as Ahmad Shamloo and Emel Denqal in a descriptive-analytical way. Precisely, this is to show their efforts to compensate for many psychological pressures and social complexes based on self-sacrifice and patriotism. As the results of this study revealed, these two poets have utilized the technique of Arabic mask or contentment and the powerful psychological energy of ancient myths so as to compensate and eliminate their psychological complexes in the turbulent society around them and, followed by that, began to create new and dynamic struggling myths. Finally, they have created new myths with dynamism and manifestations of militant and patriotic behavior, and their biological developmental process has promoted human progress and perfection.