Synthesis research to identify the dimensions and components of parenting in pregnant mothers (before childbirth)

Many prenatal effects, which are known as effects on the development or behavior of children, may be influenced by the characteristics of the mother. Reports on the impact of the unborn child on the environment and her parents have been studied as scientific studies that have had an upward trend and high progress in the development of the child before birth from the level of physiology to psychology and even learning.The main purpose of this study is to review the studies and researches related to fetal growth and development in the prenatal period and seeks to answer the question what are the dimensions and components of parenting in the prenatal period? This is a qualitative research and the synthesis research method has been used. The approach adopted in this research is mixed synthesis and an integrated design has been used. Therefore, all research works from 1980 to 2021 have been reviewed.By reviewing and synthesizing selected and screened articles, the dimensions and components of parenting in the prenatal period were extracted, which included five dimensions: physical-behavioral, emotional-emotional, cultural-social, cognitive-educational, parenting and sixteen components including planning. Fetal, Maternal planning, Genetics, Diet-physical activity, Health care, Prenatal attachment, Prenatal transplantation, Male support and participation during pregnancy, Pregnancy culture, Social support, Fetal learning, Language development, Parent training program, Attitude Positive to pregnancy, positive family relationships, competence and satisfaction in the role of mother.All "physical" or "mental" events can affect the health of the mother or her unborn child. In this study, the dimensions and components of parenting during pregnancy showed that the prenatal period in terms of learning, intelligence, memory and emotional-emotional experiences can be a very crucial period and therefore this period is one of the most sensitive periods that a human being experience.