Application of biomimetic architecture in building shells Morphology; case study: Modeling the skeleton of a sea urchin

Man can find the answer too many of his questions through experience, experiment and research and creating new hypotheses. But maybe nature is the best reference to find these answers. Nature has all the answers and these are the people who gradually learn how to get answers from nature. Since the beginning of the 20th century, concrete structures with a double-curved shell have been used in architectural design and building construction. Integral shells show high stiffness because their geometry transfers loads through membrane forces; but these shells have largely been replaced by more cost-effective mesh systems. Since mesh systems are covered with flat glass or metal pieces, they do not achieve the structural efficiency of monolithic shells, nor do their architectural elegance manifest in a continuous curve. The highly adaptable sea urchin shell combines a modular, multi-layered shell with a flexible, curved, as well as smooth design of an integrated structure. It is a descriptive-analytical and laboratory research method that has been used for the application of biomimetic in the design of building shells. The findings of the research show that the structural efficiency of the sea urchin skeleton and its principles can be used for innovations and innovations in engineering sciences and architectural design, while at the same time they can be used to describe the biological adaptations and the structure of the sea urchin shell using Modern and well-established imaging techniques such as microCT (μCT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and various optical imaging techniques are reviewed.