Investigating magnetic susceptibility distribution and weathering indices under different geomorphic surfaces chaldoran area

Magnetic susceptibility (χ) is a fast, non-destructive and simple method for determining soil properties and describing soil formation processes, which has been studied at different geomorphic levels, in order to investigate the effects of soil formation factors (elevation, elevation, and parent materials). This research aims to evaluate the changes of different forms of iron, drainage, land use and human activities (agriculture) on changes in soil magnetic receptivity and investigate CIW, CIA and CPA aeration indices in different geomorphic units in the year 2021 in Chaldaran study area in the northwest Iran and West Azarbaijan province. For this purpose, 9 test soils were excavated and evaluated in five dominant geomorphic units in the region, such as slope plain, covered pediment, alluvial cone, plain and flood plain. After dissection and sampling from the genetic horizons of the excavated rocks and transporting them to the laboratory, the physicochemical properties of the samples were measured along with their magnetic properties and aeration indices of CIW, CIA and CPA. The results showed that the range of magnetic receptivity of the soils of the region varied from 42.90 x 10-8 to 1053.20 m3 kg-1. Also, the average value of χlf of the studied soils in different geoforms was observed as flood plain > alluvial cone > covered pediment > plain > slope plain. Although the values of magnetic receptivity depending on the frequency of the examined soil samples were variable between 0.07% and 3.50%; But in most horizons, the value of χfd was less than 2%. This result indicates the presence of multi-domain coarse particles in the region that were added through parent material. Also, the results of CIA, CIW and CPA aeration indices indicate the stage of weak to moderate aeration in the region. Further, it was observed that the leaching of diamagnetic materials to the lower soil layers, ferrimagnetic minerals transferred by water and agricultural activities, has led to changes in the χlf trend with depth. Also, according to the A-CN-K curve and the chemical composition of the oxides of the studied elements, a moderate aeration process was observed in the region. On the other hand, the studied region is affected by water sediments and agricultural activities; It seems that carrying out the processes of sedimentation, soil formation, aeration and cultivation in this area has changed the chemical composition of the soils. Finally, it can be concluded that the equitic conditions caused a decrease in the acceptability and amount of Fed due to poor drainage in the studied soils.