Critical Analysis of Mystical Discourse in Hafez’s ‎Sonnets Based on the Textual Metafunction of Language ‎in Halliday’s Systemic-Functional Linguistics

One of the effective methods to study the semantic aspects of mystical language in literary texts is critical discourse analysis, which is a new attitude of discourse analysis in linguistics studies that analyses texts considering cultural and social context. The present research analyses Hafez's mystical language with an analytic-descriptive method and based on three-level pattern of Fairclough. For this purpose, after describing Hafez's mystical poems according to Halliday’s systemic-functional linguistics framework and relying on the textual metafunction of language in that framework, by observing the interlingual and extralingual contexts of the poems and with an intertextual analysis, it interprets and explains them ideologically. The results of the research indicate that distinguished mystical features in Hafez's mystical language have some points in common with other mystical texts and besides presenting the intertextual characteristics and general principles of mystical discourse, they indicate Hafez's personal and ideological views in relation with cultural and social conditions of his time. The achievement of the present research is to justify and describe Hafez's mystical language scientifically and pattern based and also to express how and why his mystical discourse is formed, produced and comprehended with applying effective and reliable instruments of critical discourse analysis. Therefore, the achieved results are reliable and based on linguistics authentic and reasonable rudiments and are also far from generalization and its following mistakes.