Contrasting two theories of Forms and abstraction in the dimension of Islamic philosophy and the ontological and epistemological results of both

Undoubtedly, one of the important topics in the field of epistemology in Islamic philosophy is how to obtain general perceptions for humans. Since the basic element that differentiates human beings from other beings is intellect, the ability to understand rational things is a matter of course for every philosopher. But there is a difference of opinion among the sages in the way of obtaining intellectual perceptions. The root of this long-standing difference is the difference of opinion between Plato and Aristotle in the way of the existence of the universal. The purpose of writing this research is to examine the differences between these two bases and the philosophical fruits of these two theories in different philosophical topics. In this article, using a descriptive-analytical method, an attempt has been made to first clearly explain the opinion of those who believe in the theory of "ideal" and also those who believe in the theory of "abstraction" and then the philosophical fruits of believing in both theories in both fields of ontology. and epistemology to be shown. It should be noted that judging between these two opinions is beyond the responsibility of this article.