Ekphrasis, Description and Realism in Ahmad Mahmoud’s The Pilgrim under the Rain

The element of description is always considered one of the basic foundations of fiction literature with any writing style, but its appearance in realist works is more distinctive; Because there is enough space to present a verbal description, i.e. ekphrasis, in order to better visualize the audience. In recent decades, several theories of the functions of description have been proposed in various works of Western theorists, and there have been talks about the importance of this element; On this basis, the realist work Zari Zir Baran by Ahmad Mahmoud was researched. Ahmad Mahmoud is one of the prominent and distinguished writers of the contemporary era, whose environment and geography have   influenced his language and writing style, and this impression is undoubtedly due to the power of the descriptive element in hisstories. Zairi Zir Baran story collection includes twelve short stories. These stories, while simple in expression and content, depict the author's descriptive style in expressing his dominant themes and concerns. By pondering in this collection of stories, we correctly understand that description is one of the main essences of this work; And the way events happen, the state of characters and situations with the author's descriptive pen creates an artistic world. These descriptions give the story a drama and are realistic. In this research, we understand that the author's purpose of description is to show the pain and suffering and failure of the people of the south, and directly and indirectly, she instills the poverty and tyranny of the world in her story to the reader. This research has been carried out with a descriptive-analytical method and a library method, and while briefly stating the concepts of ekphrasis and description (the history and functions of description), it tries to examine the descriptions in the mentioned realist work by mentioning sufficient evidence. Criticize the author's purpose of bringing such descriptions.