War of the Treaties: England's Policy of Restraining Afghan Princes and Qajar Kings

The vast land of India, the most important British colony in the twentieth century, was subject to the attention of other colonial countries, and some of them, such as France and Russia, tried to penetrate this region through land borders in Iran and Afghanistan. Therefore, the British penetrated into Iran and Afghanistan in order to gain new privileges in these areas in addition to preserving India. One of the policies of the British to communicate with the Qajar kings and Afghan rulers was to conclude treaties. The current historical research seeks to investigate and identify these treaties and analyze their provisions and results through descriptive-analytical method and collecting library data. The findings show that by concluding these treaties, England used Qajars against Afghan rulers and Afghan rulers against Qajars. In fact, England neutralized against British influence in the two regions by these treaties. while the governors the field of alliance and cooperation between Qajar kings and Afghan rulers could act as a barrier against British activities by putting their struggles aside.The vast land of India, the most important British colony in the twentieth century, was subject to the attention of other colonial countries, and some of them, such as France and Russia, tried to penetrate this region through land borders in Iran and Afghanistan. Therefore, the British penetrated into Iran and Afghanistan in order to gain new privileges in these areas in addition to preserving India. One of the policies of the British to communicate with the Qajar kings and Afghan rulers was to conclude treaties. The current historical research seeks to investigate and identify these treaties and analyze their provisions and results through descriptive-analytical method and collecting library data. The findings show that by concluding these treaties, England used Qajars against Afghan rulers and Afghan rulers against Qajars. In fact, England neutralized against British influence in the two regions by these treaties. while the governors the field of alliance and cooperation between Qajar kings and Afghan rulers could act as a barrier against British activities by putting their struggles aside.