The Place of Water in Iranian Gardening

The subject of this research is to investigate the role of water in the formation of architectural elements, especially spaces where water is important in their formation and structure. The purpose of this research is to define the types of elements and spaces related to water, especially the pond in gardens, and on the other hand, to investigate their different forms. The research method is descriptive and analytical, the data are first classified and compared and then analyzed. The theoretical basis of the research is based on the fact that, on the one hand, environmental and climatic phenomena and on the other hand, the function of the garden space itself have an effect on the formation of various garden structures. The results of the research show that water plays a major role in the formation of gardens, especially in hot and dry areas and there is a lack of water in these areas. The pond is one of the richest and most important structures used in garden architecture and has given a symbolic aspect to the garden space, but it has undergone some changes in different historical periods. Due to the presence of various elements in the Iranian garden, water plays the most important role in the identity of this architecture.