A discussion on trade exchanges between Iran and Egypt from Darius I to the end of the Achaemenid period

The location of Egypt on the shore of the Mediterranean Sea and on the land and sea trade routes of the ancient world, caused it to be the focus of the great Achaemenid emperors as a large and important base. Despite the conquest of Egypt by Cambodia, the Achaemenid trade relationship with this western satrap It was mostly done through the old royal road, but with the efforts of Darius I, he started extensive measures in this land, the most important of which are the development of roads and the digging of the Suez Canal. With the digging of this canal, shipping activities and maritime communication and, as a result, commercial relations with Egypt expanded, and on the other hand, Iran's role as a trade route between East and West grew considerably. According to the available sources, items needed for use in the Iranian army, such as army armor and architectural tools, have been supplied from Egypt, and in return, salt and spices have been taken from Iran to Egypt. In this research, an attempt is made to deal with the items exchanged between the two countries. And in this way, to deal with the commercial issues surrounding it in order to expand the relations between the two countries, beyond the mere political relations and with the aim of promoting commercial relations.