The characteristics of the optimal sunlit space according to operative temperature and energy simulation in mountain villages (Case study: Shemiranat villages of Tehran)

The alleys of the villages are the narrators of the people who were the creators of architecture not so long ago, which today is the study platform of many researchers for the settlement and construction of Iran.What causes this attention and importance is the achievement that is the result of years of life experience of rural people.In order to preserve and maintain the villages, it is inevitable to pay attention to harmony with the environment, landscape and climate and to use renewable energies instead of fossil fuels. This research deals with one of the most important and fundamental components of climate and environmental compatibility, that is, paying attention to solar energy in rural houses in cold and mountainous areas.Paying attention to the space of the sunny courtyard in the body of rural houses, although it is related to the architecture of the past; But paying attention to solar energy is not limited by time and the mutual and inevitable connection of local context and new constructions shows the important fact that in order to maintain kinship and connection between rural structures and to optimize and save energy consumption, reflection and attention to local patterns and creating links In the form of new and modern architecture, it is vital, important and valuable for the village.The main goal of this research is to identify and introduce the sunlit space and to express its role in creating a micro-climate in order to benefit from renewable solar energy and save energy.The basic and important question of this research is, what are the characteristics of a favorable and effective sunlit space in microclimate and what factors does it depend on? And what role does new architecture and construction have on the quality of the sunlit space, sometimes neglecting the solar envelope and creating unwanted shadows on the sunlit space of the vernacular houses?This research is an applied research in terms of its purpose and it is a qualitative-quantitative research in terms of its nature.Collecting the information of this research was done by library and documentary method and a significant part of it was done in the field and in the villages.The sample community in this research was the mountain villages of Shemiranat, Tehran, based on factors, 10 villages were selected, and after many observations in these villages, 40 native houses were visited, studied and analyzed. The studied statistical population, along with conversations and qualitative interviews with the villagers and residents of these native houses, a selected example with a dominant sunny courtyard, was simulated by Design Builder software in order to answer the problem and validate the local conversations. The design builder software that was used in this research is a building energy performance simulation user interface that uses the Energy Plus simulation engine. This tool calculates and analyzes the heat transfer from different levels of the building throughout the year and estimates the temperature of the indoor environment. In this way, by taking into account the type of facility system and taking into account the appropriate temperature of the environment, the amount of energy consumption of the building can be obtained.According to the results of the research and many examples observed in the mountain villages, the quality of the sunny courtyard and the extent of its influence in creating a microclimate are dependent on several factors that oblige the builders of rural housing to comply with the rules in construction.The idea of using the sunlit space is often suitable for climates that are cold and there is a need to intensify the flow of solar energy and heat into the building; Therefore, as much importance is given to energy absorption as it is to preserve it in the internal environment. Therefore, using a covered balcony, which the villagers do with experience, and cover the sun porches and courtyards with plastic in winter, will create an uncontrolled space (similar to a greenhouse) that will also contribute to the energy supply of the company. and it is very effective and by reducing the temperature difference, it will reduce heat loss; Therefore, in general, the issue of design should be looked at as a set of solutions, and definitely one element or factor alone will not guarantee ideal and optimal conditions.