Extracting and evaluating the components of solitude in the open spaces of residential complexes in Hamadan city

In a broader sense, housing is more than a mere physical shelter and includes all services and public facilities necessary for human living. A residential complex is a number of building blocks that can include different types of housing, single-family, short and high-rise apartments. In these complexes, apartment blocks are placed on a piece of land based on a pre-thought design. The blocks can be combined with each other in different forms and the open space can be meaningfully connected with the buildings. Residential complexes can be completely closed and separated from the rest of the city with hard boundaries, and they can somehow maintain their environmental connection and at the same time have their own privacy and territory.In a general view, the residential complex consists of blocks and open space between them. According to the number of blocks, the height and arrangement of open and closed space, there are various forms of residential complexes. The design of residential complexes is proposed in three major scales, firstly in the scale of the external link of residential complexes with the surrounding environment, secondly in the scale of internal relations of residential complexes and thirdly in the scale of residential units. In the territory of a residential complex, three private, semi-public and public arenas can be distinguished. Private arenas are residential units. The semi-public area includes the entrance hall, corridors, stairs, elevator and parking. It means the public area of the complex. The typology of high-rise residential complexes consisting of different blocks, in addition to the typology based on the type of access and relationships of internal spaces, is also based on the placement and coexistence of open and closed spaces. The dominant types of these complexes are peripheral arrangement, single blocks, row blocks and a combination of other blocks. The environmental arrangement is in accordance with the principles of traditional Iranian central courtyard houses. In this way, the main facade of the blocks faces the public passage and the private space is located behind the block. The arrangement of blocks around the central core creates a private open space that can be common to all blocks or divided into small private pieces. In the single layout, high-rise residential blocks stand separately next to each otherResidential communities are an integral part of contemporary urban planning in developing countries, and their use for the settlement of people in a specific cultural and social class is increasing day by day. The outer spaces and open spaces of residential complexes are the boundary between urban public spaces and private spaces in residential complexes and are the place of communication and interaction between people and the surrounding environment. With the aim of extracting the components of solitude that are involved with signs, this research tries to explain the contribution of each one in creating this category. Therefore, the research method in this research is a combination of nested type with analytical weighting in the quantitative part. Therefore, in this research, in the qualitative part, the components that are relevant to the scope of the study are refined with a semi-structured interview. In order to reduce the diverse data obtained from the interview, by using grand theory techniques, they are coded in the Atlasti software. In the quantitative section, after compiling the questionnaire from the obtained components and distributing it among the space users, the results are entered into the Originpro software and analyzed with inferential statistics. Sampling in the qualitative section is done with the Delphi panel in three phases and by specifying Kendall's coefficient; And in the quantitative section, the upper limit of Morgan's table is defined as 384 people. The results show that based on the obtained results, it was determined that "increasing the sense of ownership of the residents towards the public space", "clarity of the boundaries between public and private areas" and "public and private hierarchy" with a value of (1.000) have the greatest effect in The creation of solitude in the open spaces of the residential complexes of Hamadan city is the least related to the exclusive use of public and semi-public spaces by the people of the residential complexes with a value of (0.395).