A Comparative Study of the Theory of the Unity of Existence and Mysticism in the "Shahnameh" of Ferdowsi and the "Khamsa" of Nizami

Hakim Abu al-Qasim Ferdowsi and Hakim Nizami Ganjavi are two of the most influential Persian poets who, with their deep understanding of Islamic religious and philosophical knowledge, have composed numerous highquality poems in both the fields of thought and action, using a refined and well-crafted language through poetry. These poems contain extreme ambiguity and are often only understood by the most discerning of wisdomseekers. Despite their complexity, they express a worldview of unity and oneness that is at the heart of religious and philosophical traditions such as Islam. Despite neither poet explicitly expressing monotheism or pantheism, their works bring a monist (unity-centric) reading of existence to the forefront by using both rational and intuitive comparisons to explore the nature of being. Since the precedence of Hakim Ferdowsi over Hakim Nizami and Nizami's acquaintance and influence with Ferdowsi is undeniable, it is appropriate to properly analyze and compare the superiority, equality, and concessions of Hakim Ferdowsi's philosophical theories in comparison to those of Hakim Nizami. The expression methods of both poets in the domain of the unity of existence, which has numerous identities, must be critiqued and evaluated in order to identify their strengths and weaknesses. This essay uses a descriptiveanalytical comparative method with the assistance of the Tabaanor library and the concept of the unity of existence to conduct research.