نشریه عرفان پژوهی در ادبیات
سال دوم شماره 1 (پیاپی 3، بهار و تابستان 1401)

Jalaluddin Mohammad Balkhi, nicknamed Rumi, is one of the greatest mystic poets of Iran and the world, who, in addition to being a poet, is considered one of the world's thinkers. Orhan Pamuk is a contemporary Turkish novelist who created the novel "The Black Book" by adapting the works, thoughts, life and people around Rumi.In the novel "The Black Book", Pamuk has made many references to the love and devotion of Molana towards "Shams" and the emotional connection between "Moulana" and "Shams". In the present research, the method of Pamuk's use of Rumi's state, works and thoughts has been investigated and analyzed with the method of content analysis. The findings of the research show that Pamuk created the novel "Black Book" based on the relationship between "Shams" and "Moulana" and represented the events of the life and mental changes of Maulana after meeting with Shams in detail to his audience.Also, the mystical concept of "becoming other" and distancing oneself by following the model of the relationship between "Shams" and Rumi" has become a frequent practice in this novel. The novel "Black Book" introduces every reader directly and indirectly to the thought and mysticism of Rumi, even the readers who do not know Maulvi in advance, can, by reading this novel, get to know the spiritual world to some extent. And also to get familiar with the objective life of Rumi, or to find a motivation to know and understand Rumi's worldview.

Plants, especially trees, have always had a symbolic presence among various religions and denominations. An example of a tree is full of mysteries that humans are a part of, or rather the central part of this image. The tree is a kind of link between earthly and celestial elements due to its distinctive properties. Suhrawardi and Rumi, by combining the mythological and mystical features of the tree, created an image that is multifaceted, evasive, ulterior, and at the same time comprehensive of opposites. In their works, they used the image of the tree to express various meanings and concepts. In other words, the tree has been used as a single image for several meanings. This article tries to study the image of the tree as an image that is a constructor of meaning and at the same time the life and worldview of the mystic with this image and the like by defining descriptive and analytical methods and relying on the allegorical stories of Suhrawardi and Rumi's Masnavi. It becomes

The three concepts of trust, truthfulness and certainty are key concepts in religious teachings, which have been discussed a lot in the Quran and Sunnah, and according to them, they have been discussed in some Islamic sciences, including practical mysticism in the form of authorities and houses of worship. In this article, the views of the great mystic and the name of Sufism, Khwaja Abdullah Ansari, have been taken into consideration in this chapter in the important book Manazel al-Saerin, which has researched each of the authorities to some degree. And these theories have been measured with the words of Mansour Ibn Ardeshir Ebadi Marozi, a preacher and scholar of the fifth and sixth centuries of Hijri, and the documented analysis of each of Tawakkul, Sadq and Waqin and their degrees and examples from the perspective of these two scholars has been discussed. and be checked. Key words: Khwaja Abdullah Ansari, Ebadi Marozi, trust, sincerity, certainty,

According to the theory of Roland Barthes, a twentieth-century French theorist and philosopher, about the difference between a work and a text. The main question of this article is whether Hafiz's sonnet is a text or a work?To get the answer, the seven chapters that Roland Barthes has stated in his theory of “From work to text”, has been studied on the basis of one of Hafez's sonnets. That's how it starts “If my hand reaches your hair again/ I will sacrifice many heads in your way like a ball”The lecture of this article goes beyond this example and uses the more general evidence of Hafez's sonnets. With the help of this method and Implementation of Roland Barthes theory on the mentioned sonnet, we could get this result that Hafez's sonnet is both, pluralistic and contradictory. It has both infinite meanings and is experienced in relation to the signifier. It isn’t a consumer goods and it has an element of pleasure. It has anti-classification riot power and symbolization. As a result, Hafez’s sonnets deserve to be known “text” not “work”.

Love is one of the central concepts in Hindu and Islamic mystical works. In theteachings of Bhagavad Gita, as the highest source of Hindu mystical inspiration,Bhakti means a loving relationship and is emphasized on devotion and sinceritywith God as the easiest path of salvation. In Mathnavi of Rumi, as a prominentmystical works of Islam , love is one of the highest states and the most importantprinciples of Sufism. The concept of love is also closely related to the concept ofknowledge. This paper compares this concept in the mystical tradition of Islamand Hinduism. A conception of God and his knowledge, the relationship between His love and knowledge, the ultimate end of the path of Bhakti or the lovely states and the effects of love on the lover personality , have been studied in the Bhagavad Gita and Mathnavi of Rumi. The results of the research indicate that in Hindu mysticism, divine knowledge is the product of love, and in Islamic mysticism, it is its origin. The goal of both of these is salvation (the union or nearness of the lover and the beloved) and its existential effect is the moral transformation of the lover.

Hakim Abu al-Qasim Ferdowsi and Hakim Nizami Ganjavi are two of the most influential Persian poets who, with their deep understanding of Islamic religious and philosophical knowledge, have composed numerous highquality poems in both the fields of thought and action, using a refined and well-crafted language through poetry. These poems contain extreme ambiguity and are often only understood by the most discerning of wisdomseekers. Despite their complexity, they express a worldview of unity and oneness that is at the heart of religious and philosophical traditions such as Islam. Despite neither poet explicitly expressing monotheism or pantheism, their works bring a monist (unity-centric) reading of existence to the forefront by using both rational and intuitive comparisons to explore the nature of being. Since the precedence of Hakim Ferdowsi over Hakim Nizami and Nizami's acquaintance and influence with Ferdowsi is undeniable, it is appropriate to properly analyze and compare the superiority, equality, and concessions of Hakim Ferdowsi's philosophical theories in comparison to those of Hakim Nizami. The expression methods of both poets in the domain of the unity of existence, which has numerous identities, must be critiqued and evaluated in order to identify their strengths and weaknesses. This essay uses a descriptiveanalytical comparative method with the assistance of the Tabaanor library and the concept of the unity of existence to conduct research.

This study examines the theodicy of protest discourse in Attar’s Musibat-Nama. The theodicy of protest is one of the essential theories in suffering and tribulation, which holds God responsible for their existence in world, asking Him to remove them from human life. In Attar’s Musibat-Nama, the insane sages’ protest to God about their sufferings and calamities can be observed. The study aims to probe the theodicy of protest in related anecdotes in Attar’s Musibat-Nama and analyze the theodicy of protest via a descriptive and analytical method based on the current views about The theodicy of protest . It also shows hope behind the protest and rebellion that sometimes enters the circle of arrogance and strife with God; there is hope for God’s removal of suffering and calamity and the human’s attainment of peace. Actually This hope is based on the love at the heart of the insane sages’ crazy protests.

Bostan Saadi is a valuable social hymn in which the poet has depicted the world as it should be, and the moral and mystical themes of human development have been raised in it, the practice of which brings happiness to a person and prepares him to participate in an ideal society. . Saadi designed his Utopia under the influence of Islamic man-making instructions, in which Imam Ali's eloquence was his most perfect example. Nahj al-Balagheh, which has been called the second word of the creator and the first word of creation, and is known as "Akh al-Qur'an", has left a great impact on Persian poetry and prose in terms of vocabulary and content. Saadi is one of the poets and writers who have been influenced by this complete work everywhere in his works, which surprises everyone with the abundance of this influence. This thesis intends to investigate the moral and mystical themes in Nahj al-Balagheh and Bostan Saadi with descriptive-analytical and comparative methods. Studies show that common themes such as the day of regret in the hereafter, correct dealing with the enemy, piety, keeping the present under control, learning from the fate of the predecessors, justice and contentment are important moral and mystical concepts emphasized in both texts.

A significant section of rich Persian literature is devoted to mystical literature. Mystical texts have been studied from different points of view due to their inclusion of various topics. The extensive study and research of literary scholars such as Zarrin Koob in Iranian mystical texts shows the influence of Islamic-Iranian mysticism from previous religions . gnosisem is one of the oldest mystical schools, which, due to its age and the wide range of teachings in the eras after it, undoubtedly played a significant role in the formation of later schools of knowledge. Considering the unique role and place of Rumi in Persian mystical literature and his great use of mystical themes and its application in spiritual Masnavi, we decided to answer the question: Is Rumi, as a Muslim mystic, was influenced by gnosisem teachings in the expression of mystical teachings, or in other words, are similar and common themes with gnosisem elements visible in his thoughts or not? The results of the research indicate that the key and fundamental themes such as descent, the captivity of the soul in the body and the conflict between the soul and the body, the need not to be attached to the world of matter, etc., which are the foundations of gnosisem beliefs, are also very important in Masnavi. And it is emphasis and suspicion makes Rumi's impression of this school stronger and closer to certainty.

Study and textual criticism of Persian based on the theory of contemporary psychologists opens a new window for the reader and discloses linking literary works with psychological science. According to this approach in Molavi ’s psychological approach, the identity and independent personality of the child according to the outer and inner surface of man, in two dimensions, psychological growth and intellectual growth are mentioned together that stopping the child’s abnormal growth in each of these two dimensions will cause the deficiency of the other dimension. Therefore, this article explains the theoretical principles and stages of Piaget’s development in Molavi ’s Masnavi with a descriptive and analytical method and with an approach to Piaget’a theory of cognitive development and puts on the audience a new psychological understanding of primary emotions, the non-verbal language of crying, symbolic creation, the schemas of physical actions and internalization process,play, vivid perception of things and child imitation.

Considering the fact that Attar is a prolific poet and has many quatrains, masnavis, ghazals and odes, it is believed that the text of Tazkirat-ul-Awliya, which is a selection and report on the lives of saints and Sufis, is influenced by this aspect. And his and Mashhoon's poetic approach is based on Persian and Arabic verses and proofs, at the same time, his monastic and public audience also requires a combination of prose and verse, but; This is not the case and there are few Arabic and Persian poetic documents and proofs. The descriptive-analytical examination of these verses, which are mostly Arabic, shows that the selection and composition of these few are in semantic and logical coherence with the introduction and the text, and they express the power of Attar's poetry and mystical thoughts. Hope and attachment to the truth and delight in his servitude, friendship of the Prophet's family, complaints and complaints about the times and his destruction, the destruction of loyalty and friendship and the spread of enmity among people, death and return to God, humiliation of whims and fancies, orders to observe politeness And the politeness of discipleship, valuing the talk and help of men of God, accepting the tests of the path of knowledge and knowing God, not being attached to the world and being grateful for God's blessings, loving prayer and leaving material requests from God are some prominent thoughts. ...

The idea of the unity of existence in the history of Islamic mysticism is linked to the name of Ibn Arabi, and the influence of this idea is such that it can be claimed that there is no writing or poem about mysticism after Ibn Arabi that has not represented this idea in any way. The discussion of unity and plurality, which is one of the most important issues related to the idea of unity of existence and the concept of manifestation, has been due to its contradictory nature to explain and Enlightenment many allegories in the works of Ibn Arabi and his commentators. In this research, which has been done by descriptive-analytical method, the types of these allegories in the poems of Shams Maghribi, who is one of the most famous poets of existential unity in Persian poetry, have been studied and analyzed. Considering the remarkable influence of Shams al-Maghribi on Ibn Arabi and his works, it became clear that most of the allegories he used about unity and plurality are rooted in Ibn Arabi's own works, and he made the fewest poetic acquisitions in these allegories because of the way he used them. Ibn Arabi has been very careful about these allegories, and any intrusion and occupation by the Maghrebi could have distorted the concepts.