The Effectiveness of Emotional Resilience Training on Interpersonal Forgiveness and Social Adjustment with Two Months Follow-Up

Emotional resilience can lead to the improvement of the people’s mental health through increasing their mental endurance. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the purpose of investigating the efficacy of training emotional resilience on the interpersonal forgiveness and social adjustmentin assault and battery criminals in the central prison of Isfahan.

It was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest, control group and two-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the present study included all assault and battery criminals in the central prison of Isfahan in 2019 in the quantitative part. 30 assault and attorney criminals were selected through purposive sampling method and they were randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (each group of 15). The people in the experimental group underwent twelve ninety-minute sessions of training emotional resilience during three months, while the control group didn’t receive these interventions during the study. interpersonal forgiveness questionnaire (Bell, 1961) and social adjustmentquestionnaire (Ehtesham zadeh et al, 2010) were used in the current study. The data taken from the study were analyzed through repeated measurement ANOVA via SPSS23 software.

The results showed that training emotional resilience has had significant effect on the interpersonal forgiveness and social adjustmentin assault and battery criminals (p<0. 001) in a way that this intervention succeeded in increasing interpersonal forgiveness and social adjustment in the assault and battery criminals.

According to the findings of the present study it can be concluded that training emotional resilience can be used as an efficient method to increase interpersonal forgiveness and social adjustment in assault and battery criminals through employing training communicational skills, having intimate communication with others, offering the components of emotional intelligence and training social sufficiency. The psychological health of prisoners and the provision of psychological services to them has attracted much attention from experts. More than 10. 1 million people worldwide and 20,000 people in Iran are in prison, whose mental health is of special importance (Gharibpour, Akbari and Abolghasemi, 1399). However, these prisoners are sometimes imprisoned for crimes such as violence, beatings, and sometimes continue their violent behavior in prison. Trauma from a forensic point of view is damage resulting from the impact of mechanical, physical, chemical and psychological factors on the human body that occur directly or indirectly. These injuries occur due to various factors such as vehicle accidents, firearms and cold steel, during conflicts, work-related injuries, accidents such as electric shocks, earthquakes and other cases (Kiani, Bazmi, Qarahdaghi and Barzegar, 2007). It seems that when people commit a behavior and consider it harmful to themselves or those around them; Feelings of guilt, shame, and guilt manifest themselves (Tangi and Deering, 2003). Self-destructive emotions are seen as a barrier to mental and physical health by reducing a person's sense of self-worth, leading to depression and anxiety, and disrupting relationships with oneself and others (Hall and Fincham, 2005; Ferguson Walter, 2013). ). Here forgiveness, as a variable that stops the process of self-destruction, plays a key role in restoring self-respect and value (Fisher & Axlin, 2010). When experiencing forgiveness, the person who has made a mistake embraces his or her mistake and allows the unpleasant feelings he or she has suppressed to be processed (Yeh, Ma and Yan, Chen, Wang et al., 2019). From a psychological point of view, forgiveness is considered a consequence of transsocial motivations; That is, the forgiving person forbids revenge and experiences positive feelings toward the wrongdoer. This experience is considered the culmination of a socially professional behavior, so that the forgiveness of the wrongdoer by the victim will have positive psychological and physical consequences. In addition, forgiving specific errors in relationships will reduce the other party's hurtful behavior in the future (Griffin, Worthington, Levy Locke, Wade & Identity, 2015). When people are unable to forgive themselves after a mistake or a mistake in a task or a relationship, they avoid similar tasks and in fact show the behavior followed and less follow-up in the long run to succeed in the task (Hull, Saichi and Bennett)., 2010); Here, the person, thinking that he is not able to establish healthy relationships, turns to short-term relationships, or because of guilt and self-destruction caused by not forgiving himself, constantly repeats the same damaging relationships and in the distance. Falsehood is caught up in sin and hatred (Sapmaz, Yildirim, Topkagla, Nalband, & Césir, 2016(. One of the problems that results from aggression in people with injuries is a decrease in social adjustment (Liu and Graves, 2011). Adaptation is defined as the ability of an individual to adapt to the environment and has various dimensions, including social, family, emotional, health, educational, etc. (Bacham and Cassi, 2018). Every human being, consciously or unconsciously, tries to meet his diverse and sometimes conflicting needs in the living environment, and since he has to meet his needs in the form of social construction, his adaptation is inevitably social adaptation (McQuad and Brox, 2017). Social adjustment can have a direct effect on mental health (Namazi and Sohrabi, 1397). Individual health affects not only the individual and the family, but society as a whole (Stein, Coen, Donald, Adenams, Kopowitz et al., 2015). Adapting to new and diverse situations in an age of stress and rapid social change is not an easy task. Research shows that any change in a person's life, whether pleasant or unpleasant, requires some kind of readjustment (Nezu, Nezu Dozorilla, 2013). Considering that adaptation is one of the main symptoms of mental health and its importance in all aspects of life including individual, family, education, occupation and social is clear and can provide an important role in the occurrence of positive behaviors in individuals. Those who are aggressive or beaten are less adaptable and more likely to have behavioral problems (Golestan Jahromi, Shahni Bilaq, Behrozi, and Omidian, 2017). Mikaelimnia, Babaei and Hassani (2014) show that variables such as forgiveness have a positive and significant relationship with social adjustment and can predict and explain social adjustment. Individual health affects not only the individual and the family, but society as a whole (Stein, Coen, Donald, Adenams, Kopowitz et al., 2015). Adapting to new and diverse situations in an age of stress and rapid social change is not an easy task. Research shows that any change in a person's life, whether pleasant or unpleasant, requires some kind of readjustment (Nezu, Nezu Dozorilla, 2013). Considering that adaptation is one of the main symptoms of mental health and its importance in all aspects of life including individual, family, education, occupation and social is clear and can provide an important role in the occurrence of positive behaviors in individuals. Those who are aggressive or beaten are less adaptable and more likely to have behavioral problems (Golestan Jahromi, Shahni Bilaq, Behrozi, and Omidian, 2017). Mikaelimnia, Babaei and Hassani (2014) show that variables such as forgiveness have a positive and significant relationship with social adjustment and can predict and explain social adjustment.